Professional reference
Source character: Survey-based
Survey-based analysis reflecting aggregated observations, trends and reported cases.
Authors: Europol
Year: 2025
Publication: Annual Threat Assessment Report
DOI/URL: https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/main-reports/iocta-report
Citation:
Europol. (2025). Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment (IOCTA). Annual Threat Assessment Report