B
Bribery
DEFINITION
Bribery involves offering, giving, or receiving something of value to influence an official or business decision.
MEANING
It is prohibited under most national and international anti-corruption laws.
EXAMPLE
Payments to public officials to secure licenses.
SOURCES
Bribery of Private Officials
DEFINITION
Bribery between private sector parties.
MEANING
Illegal in many jurisdictions.
EXAMPLE
Kickback for supplier selection.
SOURCES
Bribery of Public Officials
DEFINITION
Offering benefits to public officials to influence actions.
MEANING
High legal and compliance risk.
EXAMPLE
Payment to speed up licensing.
SOURCES
C
Conflict-Based Corruption
DEFINITION
Corruption driven by undisclosed conflicts of interest.
MEANING
Hard to detect without disclosure.
EXAMPLE
Awarding contracts to own business.
Corruption
DEFINITION
Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power or authority for private gain.
MEANING
It undermines fair competition, distorts decision-making, and poses significant compliance risks.
EXAMPLE
Awarding contracts in exchange for personal benefits.
SOURCES
E
Economic Extortion
DEFINITION
Obtaining benefits through threats or coercion.
MEANING
Can involve internal or external actors.
EXAMPLE
Threatening delays unless paid.
I
Illegal Gratuities
DEFINITION
Providing or receiving benefits without explicit exchange.
MEANING
Creates dependency and ethical risk.
EXAMPLE
Gift given after contract award.
K
Kickback Scheme
DEFINITION
A kickback scheme involves secret payments made in return for favorable business decisions.
MEANING
Such schemes distort procurement processes and increase organizational risk.
EXAMPLE
A purchasing manager receives hidden commissions from vendors.
SOURCES
Kickback Vendor
DEFINITION
A vendor providing secret payments to influence purchasing decisions.
MEANING
It distorts procurement decisions and increases fraud risk.
EXAMPLE
A supplier pays commissions to secure contracts.
SOURCES