D
Data Manipulation
DEFINITION
Intentional alteration of data to mislead.
MEANING
Compromises decision-making and controls.
EXAMPLE
Altering accounting entries in ERP systems.
Documentation Issues Red Flag
DEFINITION
Incomplete or altered documentation.
MEANING
Obstructs audit trails.
EXAMPLE
Missing delivery evidence.
U
Unreconciled Accounts Red Flag
DEFINITION
Unreconciled balances.
MEANING
High fraud exposure.
EXAMPLE
Cash discrepancies.
V
Vendor Fraud
DEFINITION
Fraud committed by suppliers against an organization.
MEANING
Often enabled by weak procurement controls.
EXAMPLE
Billing for services not performed.
Vendor Red Flags
DEFINITION
Unusual vendor characteristics.
MEANING
May indicate shell entities.
EXAMPLE
Vendors sharing addresses.